Oxf Rev Econ Policy 2003; 19:1-29
© 2003 Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Ltd
Article |
The Assessment: EMU, Four Years On
New College, Oxford
European University Institute and CEPR
Abstract
This paper reviews the functioning of the Economic and Monetary Union over the first 4 years of its existence. Monetary policy is viewed as having been of the inflation-targeting type, but with a tendency towards delay and conservatism in adjustment, which may also reflect over-optimistic output growth forecasts. The resulting pressure on the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) illustrates the weakness in the consensus view of the harmonious interaction of monetary, fiscal, and supply-side policies, which requires policy in all three areas to be correct. In discussing reform of the SGP, a looser but still constraining form of fiscal agreement is advocated. The supply-side and balance-of-payments issues involved in inter-country adjustment also interact importantly with the SGP and are identified as key areas of difficulty in a still immature monetary union, with separate labour-market structures. Here the mechanisms for coordination are more or less absent.
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