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Oxford Review of Economic Policy 2007 23(2):239-250; doi:10.1093/oxrep/grm011
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Copyright © The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press.

A delayed revolution: environment and agrarian change in India

Tirthankar Roy*
* London School of Economics and Political Science, e-mail: t.roy{at}lse.ac.uk


  Abstract

Slow growth of agricultural income has contributed to poor economic growth and poverty in India in modern times. The condition was weakened by Green Revolutions in the last third of the twentieth century. Conventional accounts attribute the stagnation to institutions created during colonial rule in India. This article suggests, instead, that it derived from an environmental constraint. The Green Revolutions succeeded partly because state aid enabled peasants to overcome the constraint in some regions.

Key Words: Green Revolution • agricultural technology • economic history • South Asia

Comments and suggestions received from two referees of the journal, and the editors of this issue, led to many changes and improvements in the present version.

1 I borrow the term from Farmer (1986).

2 The writings I draw upon in this section were produced by, among others, scientists associated with the Indian Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, and economists who occupied newly introduced chairs in ‘rural economics’ in major provincial universities. I explore these views more fully in Roy (2006), on which this section is based.


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